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How does rand() work in C? - Stack Overflow Like rand(), rand_r() returns a pseudo-random integer in the range [0, RAND_MAX] The seedp argument is a pointer to an unsigned int that is used to store state between calls If rand_r() is called with the same initial value for the integer pointed to by seedp, and that value is not modified between calls, then the same pseudo-random sequence
What difference between rand () and random () functions? On older rand() implementations, and on current implementations on different systems, the lower-order bits are much less random than the higher-order bits When available, random() does not suffer of this issue In add, modern version of rand() use the same random number generator as random() So rand() may be correct, but it is not garanteed
Should I use rand % N or rand () (RAND_MAX N + 1)? Unfortunately rand() (RAND_MAX N + 1) is also broken (in almost the same way), so the real answer is: don't use either of them The problem as outlined above is really fundamental, there is no way to evenly distribute X different values over Y results unless Y divides X
How to generate a random int in C? - Stack Overflow If we use more than 53 bits, we get rounding bias Some programmers write code like rand() (double)RAND_MAX, but rand() might return only 31 bits, or only 15 bits in Windows OpenSSL's RAND_bytes() seeds itself, perhaps by reading dev urandom in Linux
Differences between numpy. random. rand vs numpy. random. randn in Python . . . np random rand is for Uniform distribution (in the half-open interval [0 0, 1 0)) np random randn is for Standard Normal (aka Gaussian) distribution (mean 0 and variance 1) You can visually explore the differences between these two very easily: