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Find all the primitive roots of - Mathematics Stack Exchange Find all the primitive roots of 13 13 My attempt: Since that 13 13 is a prime I need to look for g g such that g13−1 ≡ 1 (mod 13) g 13 1 ≡ 1 (mod 13) There are ϕ(12) = 4 ϕ (12) = 4 classes modulo 12 12 how can I find the classes?
Primitive $p$-th root of unity with characteristic $p$ I already found this topic (No field of characteristic p> 0 p> 0 contains a primitive pth p t h root of unity ), but it didn't answer my questions, maybe it can still help somebody
Primitive binary necklaces - Mathematics Stack Exchange The problem solution of counting the number of (primitive) necklaces (Lyndon words) is very well known But what about results giving sufficient conditions for a given necklace be primitive? For ex
What is the integral of 1 x? - Mathematics Stack Exchange Answers to the question of the integral of 1 x 1 x are all based on an implicit assumption that the upper and lower limits of the integral are both positive real numbers If we allow more generality, we find an interesting paradox For instance, suppose the limits on the integral are from −A A to +A + A where A A is a real, positive number The posted answer in term of ln ln would give ln(A