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Top or Bottom of Footing? | Eng-Tips Frost depth always has been and should be to the bottom of the footing You are trying to avoid a condition where frost occurs in the soil directly under a footing and in which case the soil expands (or rather the moisture freezes and expands within the soil matrix) and dislocates the footing
Is Frost Depth Always Required? | Eng-Tips No, frost depth is not always required if what you are supporting can withstand the movement However, for most pipe racks we have designed we have gone to frost depth
Frost Heave Calculation | Eng-Tips Frost heave can easily be several inches in northern states with frost-susceptible (silty) soils and a shallow water table or just poor drainage On the other hand, dry, clean, sand or gravel may freeze without heaving Heave can vary a lot from year to year depending on moisture conditions and weather
Frost line depth | Eng-Tips Hello All, How can I determine the frost line depth for a project in Virginia? All I can find in the code is in R301 2 which leaves in up to the locality The online version of the code is blank in this section Any help would be appreciated
Frost box? | Eng-Tips A "Frost box" is probably a term for a variation (enhancement) of the sheet insulation over the pipe, where vertical insulation is placed along the pipe to better protect the pipe contain the heat
Exterior Large Equipment Pad with deep frost depths | Eng-Tips Frost heave isn't really caused by just the moisture in the soil freezing (and the subsequent small volume increase) It becomes an issue when ice lensing happens This is when a horizontal layer of ice forms and continues to grow in thickness as water is drawn into the freezing layer through capillary action in the soil If you have non-frost susceptible soil (large granular fill), capillary
Frost protection of fill | Eng-Tips The depth the frost will penetrate below the insulating layer depends on insulating value (thermal conductivity and thickness), initial ground temperature, and of course the air temperature over the freezing period
Drilled Pier Frost Heave | Eng-Tips Hello, I am currently designing concrete drilled piers, and per the geotech report, the recommendations incur a 1600 psf design stress for potential frost heave The recommendations also state that placing friction reducing material can be considered as an alternate option to prevent damage
How is frost depth determined calculated? | Eng-Tips If frost depth is determined for a county, how many tests do they perform before the county is satisfied with their estimate of frost depth? Is climate change taken into account in frost depth calculations? It seems to me that there are a ton of variables that could affect frost depth, so am just curious how these numbers are typically determined