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Top or Bottom of Footing? | Eng-Tips Frost depth always has been and should be to the bottom of the footing You are trying to avoid a condition where frost occurs in the soil directly under a footing and in which case the soil expands (or rather the moisture freezes and expands within the soil matrix) and dislocates the footing
Frost Penetration and Movement | Eng-Tips Frost penetration and frost depth effects are really two different animals As OldestGuy indicated, even in very cold climates, they recognize that footings do not have to go full depth of frost penetration if they are in non-frost susceptible soil
Frost Heave Calculation | Eng-Tips Frost heave can easily be several inches in northern states with frost-susceptible (silty) soils and a shallow water table or just poor drainage On the other hand, dry, clean, sand or gravel may freeze without heaving Heave can vary a lot from year to year depending on moisture conditions and weather
Frost line depth | Eng-Tips Hello All, How can I determine the frost line depth for a project in Virginia? All I can find in the code is in R301 2 which leaves in up to the locality The online version of the code is blank in this section Any help would be appreciated
Frost box? | Eng-Tips A "Frost box" is probably a term for a variation (enhancement) of the sheet insulation over the pipe, where vertical insulation is placed along the pipe to better protect the pipe contain the heat
Crushed stone size limitation for non-expansive frostfree fill If you are referring to non-frost susceptible (NFS) material, the definition is a soil that contains no more than 3% by weight finer than 0 02 mm A #200 sieve is generally used (0 074 mm), for which the requirement is no more than 5% passing Whether crushed or not isn't a factor No upper size limit, but 3" is a typical upper limit for practical compaction purposes For non-expansive, I
Which soils are most susceptible to frost heaving? | Eng-Tips However there is still some potential for frost heave, especially of there are variations in the soil As mentioned in the other thread, would be best to insulate footings having inadequate cover (side of wall below grade and laterally over footing) to maintain soils thawed under footing
Stoops | Eng-Tips Stoops are any sort of entrance entity that is situated adjacent to building exits They serve two main purposes: 1 Provide proper surfaces to exit on, such as a landing, stairway, ramp, etc 2 In freeze areas, provide a deep enough foundation underneath to avoid frost heave and the resulting jamming of the door as it tries to open
Drilled Pier Frost Heave | Eng-Tips Hello, I am currently designing concrete drilled piers, and per the geotech report, the recommendations incur a 1600 psf design stress for potential frost heave The recommendations also state that placing friction reducing material can be considered as an alternate option to prevent damage
Preheat coil on AHU - cold climate | Eng-Tips The "frost thermostat" you mention is commonly called a freezestat It is normally an averaging sensor installed downstream of the preheat coil, and it is wired into the fan control circuit to shut down the fan if the temperature approaches freezing