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The world is running out of sand | World Economic Forum Skyrocketing demand Sand and gravel are now the most-extracted materials in the world, exceeding fossil fuels and biomass (measured by weight) Sand is a key ingredient for concrete, roads, glass and electronics Massive amounts of sand are mined for land reclamation projects, shale gas extraction and beach renourishment programs
Ash from Mount Etna could be the next eco-friendly building material . . . A 2018 WWF report suggests that aggregate (sand and gravel) is the most mined material in the world - all with implications for the environment and our planet Indeed, a 2017 perspective in the journal Science suggests that overexploitation of sand is not just damaging to the environment, but also endangers communities and risks violent conflict
How to provide safe water to billions of people by 2030 This means that anyone, anywhere, can find a technology that works for their personal situation Household water treatment options include everything from chlorine drops to biosand filters (filters that mimic nature to remove pathogens, using sand, gravel and a biological system)
Is this is the answer to Californias water problem? Knowing where water will go underground depends on mapping the intricate channels of sand and gravel that interlace tightly packed clays and silts In California, that information often comes from drilling contractors’ reports to state regulators, which are expensive to acquire and do not cover areas between or beneath the drilled wells
How can the building materials sector tackle biodiversity loss? Quarries cannot only protect biodiversity, but they can contribute to large-scale restoration of biodiversity by creating areas that have been lost in the wider landscape For example, a sand and gravel extraction site in the United Kingdom is progressively converting intensively used agricultural landscape into the largest man-made reedbed
Why are Africa’s wells failing? | World Economic Forum An aquifer may be a layer of almost any kind of gravel, sand or rock that has spaces between the pores able to hold moisture The connectivity of these pores and the size of the pore, or cavity, will determine the ability to extract water from the subsurface There is a case to be made for and against using underground water
Scientists have proposed three colossal geoengineering projects to slow . . . The wall would be made up of gravel and sand piled up on the sea bed to create an artificial embankment, and would be clad in concrete to stop erosion This won't help with the problem of warm air reaching the top of the glacier, but sea melting happens much quicker and less predictably Artificial islands to pin ice shelves