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Concept of Operations of Cryogenic Fluid Management for Nuclear Thermal . . . To efficiently store and transport the hydrogen propellant during the Mars mission, it must be cryogenically cooled at 20 K to prevent boil-off Otherwise, the tanks require venting from over-pressurization, which results in significant propellant losses
Zero-Boil-Off Tank Experiments to Enable Long-Duration Space . . . An assessment of one nuclear propulsion concept for Mars transport estimated that the passive boil-off losses for a large liquid hydrogen tank carrying 38 tons of fuel for a three-year mission to Mars would be approximately 16 tons year The proposed ZBO system would provide a 42% saving of propellant mass per year
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) 20150016474: Cryogenic Fluid . . . The purpose of this paper is to investigate, facilitate a discussion and determine a path forward for technology development of cryogenic fluid management technology that is necessary for long duration deep space missions utilizing nuclear thermal propulsion systems
Zero-boil-off Space Fuel Depots - NextBigFuture. com NASA NIAC study UCLA researchers propose a breakthrough mission concept: a cryogenic liquid storage depot capable of storing LH2 with ZBO even in the severe and fluctuating thermal environment of LEO
Cryogenic Boil-Off Reduction System Testing For LH2 Zero Boil Off (ZBO) propellant storage applications, A tube-on-tank approach is used with the tubing loop attached directly to the outer tank wall of the propellant tank
Zero-Boil-Off System Trades Applied to Nuclear Thermal Propulsion A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) team at Glenn Research Center (GRC) and Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) are studying cryogenic thermal storage using zero boil-off technology applied to a liquid hydrogen propellant tank of a Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) vehicle
NASA Innovates Mars Missions with MaRS ICICLE: Zero Boil-Off Tech Takes . . . By integrating Electro-Luminescent Cooling (ELC) panels that actively reject heat through non-equilibrium thermal radiation, MaRS ICICLE ensures zero boil-off (ZBO) conditions for cryogenic propellants like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen
SPACE PROPULSION 2024 - NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS) oduction Future Mars transit systems are envisioned to utilize either high-thrust nuclear thermal propulsion (with liquid hydrogen propellant), or hybrid systems with both cryogenic chemical systems (likely LOX CH4) for high acceleration manoeuvres and nuclear electric systems for long duration high Isp