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Computer | Definition, History, Operating Systems, Facts | Britannica computer, device for processing, storing, and displaying information Computer once meant a person who did computations, but now the term almost universally refers to automated electronic machinery The first section of this article focuses on modern digital electronic computers and their design, constituent parts, and applications The second
Computer - Technology, Invention, History | Britannica Computer - Technology, Invention, History: By the second decade of the 19th century, a number of ideas necessary for the invention of the computer were in the air First, the potential benefits to science and industry of being able to automate routine calculations were appreciated, as they had not been a century earlier Specific methods to make automated calculation more practical, such as
What is a computer? | Britannica - Encyclopedia Britannica A computer is a machine that can store and process information Most computers rely on a binary system, which uses two variables, 0 and 1, to complete tasks such as storing data, calculating algorithms, and displaying information
computer summary | Britannica computer, Programmable machine that can store, retrieve, and process data A computer consists of the central processing unit (CPU), main memory (or random-access memory, RAM), and peripherals (e g , a keyboard, a printer, disc drives) Traditional histories of computers assign generations on the basis of technology
Personal computer (PC) | Definition, History, Facts | Britannica The personal computer industry truly began in 1977, with the introduction of three preassembled mass-produced personal computers: the Apple Computer, Inc (now Apple Inc ), Apple II, the Tandy Radio Shack TRS-80, and the Commodore Business Machines Personal Electronic Transactor (PET) These machines used eight-bit microprocessors (which process information in groups of eight bits, or binary
Computer science | Definition, Types, Facts | Britannica Computer science is the study of computers and computing, including their theoretical and algorithmic foundations, hardware and software, and their uses for processing information The discipline of computer science includes the study of algorithms and data structures and artificial intelligence
computer - Kids | Britannica Kids | Homework Help A computer system requires both hardware and software Hardware is the computer’s physical parts Software is the programs, or instructions, that tell the hardware what to do All computers have the same basic hardware The microprocessor is the computer’s “brain ” It is also called the CPU, or central processing unit
Computer - Memory, Storage, Processing | Britannica Computer - Memory, Storage, Processing: The earliest forms of computer main memory were mercury delay lines, which were tubes of mercury that stored data as ultrasonic waves, and cathode-ray tubes, which stored data as charges on the tubes’ screens The magnetic drum, invented about 1948, used an iron oxide coating on a rotating drum to store data and programs as magnetic patterns
Computer - Home Use, Microprocessors, Software | Britannica Computer - Home Use, Microprocessors, Software: Before 1970, computers were big machines requiring thousands of separate transistors They were operated by specialized technicians, who often dressed in white lab coats and were commonly referred to as a computer priesthood The machines were expensive and difficult to use Few people came in direct contact with them, not even their programmers
Digital computer | Evolution, Components, Features | Britannica digital computer, any of a class of devices capable of solving problems by processing information in discrete form It operates on data, including magnitudes, letters, and symbols, that are expressed in binary code—i e , using only the two digits 0 and 1 By counting, comparing, and manipulating these digits or their combinations according to a set of instructions held in its memory, a