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In Depth | 1P Halley – NASA Solar System Exploration Comet Halley moves backward (opposite to Earth's motion) around the Sun in a plane tilted 18 degrees to that of the Earth's orbit Halley's backward, or retrograde, motion is unusual among short-period comets, as its greatest distance from the Sun (aphelion) is beyond the orbit of Neptune
In Depth | 2P Encke – NASA Solar System Exploration Comet 2P Encke is a small comet Its nucleus measures approximately 2 98 miles (4 8 kilometers) in diameter, which is about a third of the size of the object hypothesized to have led to the demise of the dinosaurs
In Depth | Perseids – NASA Solar System Exploration The Comet The pieces of space debris that interact with our atmosphere to create the Perseids originate from comet 109P Swift-Tuttle Swift-Tuttle takes 133 years to orbit the Sun once It was Giovanni Schiaparelli who realized in 1865 that this comet was the source of the Perseids Comet Swift-Tuttle last visited the inner solar system in 1992
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 - NASA Solar System Exploration When comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was discovered in 1993, it already had been torn into more than 20 pieces traveling around Jupiter in a two-year orbit Further observations revealed the comet (believed to be a single body at the time) had made a close approach to Jupiter in July 1992 and had been torn apart by tidal forces resulting from the planet
C 1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) - NASA Solar System Exploration Also called the Great Comet of 1997, comet C 1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) is a large comet with a nucleus measuring approximately 37 miles (60 kilometers) in diameter This is about five times the size of the object hypothesized to have led to the demise of the dinosaurs
Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud - NASA Solar System Exploration Occasionally, giant molecular clouds, stars passing nearby, or tidal interactions with the Milky Way’s disc disturb the orbit of one of these bodies in the outer region of the Oort Cloud, causing the object to streak into the inner solar system as a so-called long-period comet
In Depth | Oumuamua – NASA Solar System Exploration While originally classified as a comet, observations revealed no signs of cometary activity after it slingshotted past the Sun on Sept 9, 2017 at a blistering speed of 196,000 miles per hour (87 3 kilometers per second)
In Depth | C 2012 S1 (ISON) – NASA Solar System Exploration C 2012 S1 (ISON) was the subject of the most coordinated comet observing campaign in history Over the course of a year, more than a dozen spacecraft and numerous ground-based observers collected what is believed to be the largest single cometary dataset in history as ISON plunged toward a close encounter with the Sun
In Depth | 21P Giacobini-Zinner – NASA Solar System Exploration Overview Comet 21P Giacobini-Zinner is a small comet with a diameter of 1 24 miles (2 kilometers) This comet takes about 6 6 years to orbit the Sun once The last time comet Giacobini-Zinner reached perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) was on Feb 11, 2012 The next perihelion passage will be in 2018