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Abyssal Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The abyssal zone, or the abyss, is the seafloor and water column from 3,000 to 6,500 meters (9,842 to 21,325 feet) depth, where sunlight doesn’t penetrate
Ocean Zones - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The ocean water column is made up of five zones: the sunlight (epipelagic), twilight (mesopelagic), midnight (bathypelagic), abyssal (abyssopelagic) and hadal zones (trenches)
Hadal Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The hadal zone occurs only in trenches, which can extend to 11,000 meters deep (36,000 feet) Hadal regions combined across all oceans make up an area about the size of Australia
A rare black seadevil anglerfish sees the light The deep ocean is a world of extremes—intense pressure, frigid temperatures, and perpetual darkness It is also home to astonishing life forms, uniquely adapted to survive in conditions that would be unfathomable for most creatures Among these is the black seadevil anglerfish, Melanocetus johnsonii, a species so elusive it once seemed more folklore than fact Recently, however, a remarkable
Abyssal Zone – Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is the world's leading non-profit oceanographic research organization Our mission is to explore and understand the ocean and to educate scientists, students, decision-makers, and the public
The Discovery of Hydrothermal Vents - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hydrothermal vents form in volcanic areas where subseafloor chambers of rising magma create undersea mountain ranges known as mid-ocean ridges Cold seawater seeps into cracks in the seafloor and can be heated up to a raging 750° F (400° C) by interacting with magma-heated subsurface rocks The heat stimulates chemical reactions that pull in minerals and chemicals from the rocks, before the
Twilight Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The ocean twilight zone is a layer of water that stretches around the globe It lies 200 to 1,000 meters below the ocean surface, just beyond the reach of sunlight
Sunlit Zone - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The upper layer of the ocean is known as the sunlit, or euphotic, zone Because water strongly absorbs light, sunlight penetrates only to depths of about 200 meters (656 feet)
How the Ocean Works - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Understanding how the ocean works is foundational to understanding life on this planet and to the discipline of oceanography Get to know the big systems of the ocean: its cycles, circulation, zones, and connection to the atmosphere Learn about ocean chemistry, life and landscapes on the seafloor, plate movements, shorelines, and icy regions
Marine Snow and Fecal Pellets - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Until about 130 years ago, scholars believed that no life could exist in the deep ocean The abyss was simply too dark and cold to sustain life The discovery of many animals living in the abyssal environment by Sir Charles Wyville Thompson during HMS Challenger's 1872-1876 circumnavigation stunned the late 19th century scientific community far more than we can now imagine