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- Women Knights - Heraldica
women knights in Medieval and Modern timesWomen Knights in the Middle Ages Were there women knights in the Middle Ages? Initially I thought not, but further research yielded surprising answers There were two ways anyone could be a knight: by holding land under a knight's fee, or by being made a knight or inducted into an order of knighthood There are examples of both cases for women Female
- Knighthood and Chivalry - Heraldica
The Emergence of knights Succintly, a knight was a professional soldier The old "citizens' armies" of Antiquity had been replaced by professional armies This trend was reinforced by the appearance in the 8th century of the stirrup, which made mounted men much more powerful and turned cavalry into the most important element of medieval armies But being a mounted soldier was expensive, since
- Nobility and Titles in France - Heraldica
Nobility was an important legal concept, in particular because of the privileges attached to it Taxes were originally levied to help the sovereign in times of war; and since nobles were expected to provide help in kind, by fighting for their sovereign, they were usually exempted from taxes
- The French Flags - Heraldica
Prior to 1792 the notion of a French flag is itself fuzzy The use of national emblems, however, can be traced to the crusades, and specifically to the start of the Third Crusade The kings of France and England were in a peace conference in a field between Gisors and Trie, in January 1188, when the archbishop of Tyre arrived with the news of the conquest of Jerusalem by Saladdin, and an
- Knighthood and Orders of Chivalry - Heraldica
The following pages deal with knights and knighthood, as well as the related concept of order of knighthood, both in its original form as a medieval institution, and its modern form as an award of merit See the introduction for a development of these distinctions
- Regulation of Heraldry in England (1)
Unregulated England In Medieval Europe, heraldry was unregulated, in the sense that anyone was entitled to bear arms, and there were no restrictions based on class or any other distinction This was true also in England, and there are documents by English jurists which document it: they are quoted in another article The presumption, then, is that heraldry was also unregulated in Medieval England
- Arms of France - Heraldica
The medieval crown was open with fleurs-de-lys The supporters, since about 1423 were two angels (prior to that royal seals show the arms of France surrounded by the emblems of the Evangelists) In the 16th c the angels are shown each wearing a tabard and holding a banner with the arms of France (and later Navarre)
- History of Orders of Chivalry: a Survey - Heraldica
a survey of the history of orders of chivalry, from the original military-monastic orders of the eastern and western Crusades to the monarchical orders of the late medieval era and the orders of merit of the modern era
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