- Soil horizon - Wikipedia
Soil horizon A cross section of a soil, revealing horizons A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath Horizons are defined in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly colour and texture
- Soil structure - Wikipedia
A further consequence of continued cultivation and traffic is the development of compacted, impermeable layers or hardpans within the soil profile [7] The decline of soil structure under irrigation is usually related to the breakdown of aggregates and dispersion of clay material as a result of rapid wetting
- Soil - Wikipedia
Soil is said to be formed when organic matter has accumulated and colloids are washed downward, leaving deposits of clay, humus, iron oxide, carbonate, and gypsum, producing a distinct layer called the B horizon This is a somewhat arbitrary definition as mixtures of sand, silt, clay and humus will support biological and agricultural activity before that time [50] These constituents are moved
- Soil formation - Wikipedia
Soil created on a no-till farm in South Dakota, United States Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history Biogeochemical processes act to both create and destroy order (anisotropy) within soils These alterations lead to the development of layers, termed soil horizons, distinguished by differences in
- Soil matrix - Wikipedia
The soil matrix is the solid phase of soils, and comprise the solid particles that make up soils Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition (mineralogy) as well as their size The particle-size distribution of a soil, its texture, determines many of the properties of that soil, in particular hydraulic conductivity and water potential, [1] but the mineralogy of those
- Soil classification - Wikipedia
Overview Soil classification is a dynamic subject, from the structure of the system, to the definitions of classes, to the application in the field Soil classification can be approached from the perspective of soil as a material and soil as a resource
- Soil morphology - Wikipedia
Soil morphology is the branch of soil science dedicated to the technical description of soil, [1] particularly physical properties including texture, color, structure, and consistence
- Topsoil - Wikipedia
Classification In soil classification systems, topsoil is known as the O Horizon or A Horizon [8][9] Soil horizons are layers parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath
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