- Recombination (cosmology) - Wikipedia
In cosmology, recombination refers to the epoch during which charged electrons and protons first became bound to form electrically neutral hydrogen atoms Recombination occurred about 378 000 years [1] after the Big Bang (at a redshift of z = 1100) [2]
- Cosmic timeline: What’s happened since the Big Bang
380,000 years to 1 billion years after the Big Bang: During this enormously long Era of Atoms, matter grew into the remarkable variety we now know The stable atoms of hydrogen and helium slowly drifted together in patches, due to gravity
- week3. dvi - Caltech Astro Outreach
At a temperature T ∼eV, electrons and protons combine to form hydrogen atoms, free electrons disappear, and without any electrons to scatter from, photons decouple and free stream through the Universe These are the CMB photons we see today The temperature at which recombination occurs can be determined roughly from the Saha equation
- Astronomy 182: Origin and Evolution of the Universe
When the expanding plasma cooled to T~3000 deg (when the Universe was 380,000 years old, and about 1 1000th its present size), CMB photons were no longer energetic enough to knock electrons out of H atoms
- I. Overview of the History of the Universe
The Planck era when the four forces of the Universe -- the gravitational, electro-magnetic, strong (nuclear), and weak forces -- may have been unified This is the era of quantum gravity -- the time when a theory which encompasses both quantum mechanics and gravity must be used
- The Cosmic Microwave Background - Yale University
Although CMB is pretty isotropic (uniform to 99 9%), there are 2 small but important anisotropies a dipole anisotropy – Doppler shift, caused by motion of earth through space ( wrt CMB)
- The Early Universe - University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Cosmic Microwave Background Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Theorized to form at the end of Era of Nuclei and beginning of Era of Atoms Age of Universe - 380,000yrs Black body radiation Temperature ~ 3000K Universe expanded by a factor of 1000 since then - CMB should have cooled as much Observed CMB temperature = 2 73K (~3K)
- Era of Atoms – Epochs of the Universe (Mission 07) - Nature Noon
In the previous epoch, the Era of Nuclei, the Universe is filled with fully ionized particles, free electrons, and photons Now in this epoch, we see what happens to the particles as they form neutral atoms Let’s dive right in and learn more about the Era of Atoms Age of the Universe: Between 300,000 years and 1 billion years
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